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Expert Advice and Care

To book an appointment please contact:

[email protected] | 0207 10 11 700 (24hrs)

When should I see a Private GP?

Why would I see a private GP instead of my NHS GP? 

Can I get a same-day appointment? 

What kind of issues can a private GP help with? 

Our GPs are experienced in a wide range of health concerns, including: 

They also offer Well Woman checks and can refer directly to our consultants if specialist input is needed. 

Can a private GP help with the same things as my NHS GP?

Is it worth seeing a GP for just one concern? 

Can the GP refer me to a specialist? 

Can your private GP refer me for scans, blood tests, or X-rays? 

Yes. Our private GPs can arrange a full range of investigations quickly and efficiently. This includes: 

Because we work closely with leading diagnostic centres and in-house specialists, these can usually be arranged within days – or even same-day in urgent cases. You’ll also get clear, prompt follow-up and support with any results or next steps. 

Do I need a referral? 

No referral is needed. You can book directly with us – online, by phone, or in person. Whether it’s for a specific concern or a general check-up, we’re here to help. 

How long are appointments? 

Appointments are typically 30 minutes, which is significantly longer than standard NHS GP slots. This gives you time to talk through your concerns in detail, without feeling rushed. Any follow-up appointments needed for the same problem are usually 15 minutes. 

Can I get prescriptions? 

Yes. We can issue private prescriptions during your appointment, and many medications can be collected the same day from a local pharmacy. You could also opt for a home delivery service too. If ongoing treatment is needed, we’ll discuss the best and most convenient options with you. 

I’m registered with an NHS GP, can i still see a private GP? 

Yes. Seeing a private GP doesn’t affect your NHS registration in any way. Many of our patients use us for faster access, specialist referrals, or second opinions while remaining registered with their NHS GP. We’re also happy to provide a summary letter for your GP, updating them of any changes.  

Can my medical insurance cover a private GP appointment? 

Some health insurance policies do cover private GP appointments, but it depends on your provider and your specific policy. We recommend that you check directly with your insurer before booking, to confirm whether your consultation and any tests or referrals will be reimbursed. We can provide you with a detailed invoice or receipt if you wish to claim back the cost through your insurance. 

Choosing to see one of our private GPs offers greater flexibility, convenience, and personalised care – without long waits or rushed appointments. Whether you’re seeking support for a specific concern or simply want a more thorough, proactive approach to your health, our experienced GPs are here to help. You don’t need a referral, and appointments can often be made the same day. If you’re considering private healthcare, this could be a simple investment in your health toward feeling better, faster.

Click on the Our Team tab to meet our experienced in-house GPs!

HPV & Cervical Screening: FAQs answered by the experts

1. I feel absolutely fine – do I really need a smear test?

Yes, 100%. Cervical cancer can develop without any obvious symptoms, which is why cervical screening (also called a smear test) is so important. It can detect changes before they become anything serious. A quick test today could genuinely save your life.

The cervix is the lower part of your womb (uterus), sitting at the top of your vagina. It acts like a gateway between the two. 

While cervical cancer is more common in women aged 30-45, it can affect people in their 20s too. That’s why starting screening is crucial – even if you feel perfectly well.

2. At what age should I start going for smear tests?

In the NHS, you’ll be invited for your first HPV screening at age 25. From there, it’s now every 5 years, up to 64 years, but you might be called back sooner if you get a positive HPV result.

At London Gynaecology, we often recommend more frequent screening to be thorough, especially if your medical history or previous results suggest it’s needed. Your care plan is always tailored to you.

3. What is HPV and why does it matter?

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a super common virus – around 8 in 10 people will have it at some point. It’s picked up through skin-to-skin contact during sex. You don’t need full penetrative sex to get it and it can be picked up from a partner even if they have no symptoms. Most types clear up on their own without any issues, but some high-risk types can lead to abnormal cells on the cervix, which – if left untreated – can develop into cervical cancer. Over 99% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV.

That’s why your initial screening test checks for HPV. Catching it early means we can monitor or treat any changes long before they become anything serious. If HPV is present, you will then need a smear test to check the cervical cells. 

4. What actually happens during a smear test?

The whole thing usually takes just a few minutes. Here’s what to expect:

That’s it! You can go straight back to your day.

We’ll always explain what’s happening and check in with you throughout. If you’re feeling nervous, just let us know – we’re here to help you feel at ease.

5. What if I am nervous or embarrassed?

Totally understandable – and you’re not alone. We’re here to help you feel safe and supported. We have:

You’re always in control – and we’ll go at your pace.

Looking for ways to make your smear more comfortable? Check out our in-house tips here. Cervical Screening Awareness and Recommendations: How To Make Your Smear Test More Comfortable – London Gynaecology 

6. What if my smear test shows something abnormal?

First: try not to panic. Most abnormal results don’t mean cancer – but they do mean we’ll want to keep an eye on things.

You might be referred for a colposcopy with one of our Consultants – this is similar to a smear test but just a closer look at your cervix using a special microscope. It’s done in our clinic, takes around 15–20 minutes, and helps us understand what’s going on.

If needed, we’ll talk you through treatment and follow-up options. 

We’re here every step of the way.

7. Do I already have symptoms of cervical cancer?

In the early stages, there often aren’t any. But it’s important to look out for:

If you notice any of these, don’t wait – get it checked, even if your last smear was normal.

8. What are the new home HPV kits?

They’re self-sampling kits offered by the NHS as part of a trial programme. Instead of going to a clinic, you use a small swab to take a sample from your vagina at home, then post it back for testing. This only tests for HPV, and doesn’t test for cellular changes. If your test is positive, you will then be called for a smear test.

At London Gynaecology, we recommend having a full HPV and smear check for a complete and thorough check.

9. What cervical health services do you offer?

At London Gynaecology, we offer:
 ✔️ Cervical screenings (smear tests)
 ✔️ HPV testing (with detailed results of high-risk and low-risk types)
 ✔️ Colposcopy and follow-up treatment (if needed)
 ✔️ Expert care from GPs and gynaecologists, all under one roof

10. How do I book an appointment?

Sources & References

17 Questions About Vaginas and Sexual Health

Many questions remain unanswered or are too sensitive or embarrassing to ask during a gynaecology appointment. Miss Aref-Adib spoke with Stylist to address some of the common concerns that many patients think about but are too afraid to bring up. With over half a million people in the UK waiting for a gynaecology appointment, there is ample opportunity for unanswered questions to arise.

Some of the questions addressed include:
– Is penetrative sex ever going to feel as good after I’ve had a baby?
– My discharge seems to be bleaching my underwear – is that normal?
– I feel I’ve got too much labia skin. What’s a ‘normal’ size, and at what point should I consider surgery?
– How has being a gynaecologist shaped the way you view your own vagina and vulva?
– What’s the coolest thing about vaginas people don’t know?

You can read the full article, From post-baby sex to smells and UTIs: 17 questions about vaginas and sexual health that you’re too embarrassed to ask – answered by gynaecologists, here.

If you have any questions you’d like answered or need further information on a specific treatment, feel free to contact us.

Cervical Screening Awareness and Recommendations: How To Make Your Smear Test More Comfortable

It is extremely important to attend regular cervical screening appointments and to adopt other preventive care such as having the HPV vaccination – both help significantly with cancer prevention.

Cervical screenings – more commonly known as a smear test – can be a painful experience, and we understand that for many women and people with a cervix, the expected discomfort may be discouraging. Our consultants and nurses have helped support thousands of people through this process over the past two decades – here are some tips to make your cervical screening more comfortable:


1. Listen to music or watch TV: Nowadays with smartphones, watching a movie or listening to music or a podcast is easy to do in any location. Take your headphones and your phone and get prepared to zone out. And don’t worry, if you do forget your headphones ask the nurse if she minds you watching or listening anyway.

2. Equipment: Ask, if available, for the nurse to use a plastic speculum or a small speculum. Plastic is often warmer than metal and it’s clear so it’s easier for the nurse to see the cervix and a smaller speculum is more comfortable. They aren’t always available but don’t be afraid to ask.

3. Count from 1 to 100: Paula Radcliffe used to use this strategy towards the end of her marathon and many patients have found it useful. Often the smear is done well before you get to 50.

4. Paracetamol: Take a dose of paracetamol 30 minutes before your smear which will take some of the discomfort away.

5. Numbing gel: If all else fails, ask the nurse to use a small amount of numbing gel. Previously there was a concern that the gel would affect the smear cytology but with liquid based cytology which is used nowadays a small amount of gel will not interfere with the quality.

6. Vaginal oestrogen cream: If you have vaginal dryness symptoms linked to breast feeding or menopause ask for local vaginal oestrogen cream. This can make a smear test much more comfortable and is a very safe treatment. It can be stopped 2 days prior to the smear test. In addition to, or as an alternative to, local oestrogen, using a good pH-balanced vaginal moisturiser several times a week can be very beneficial such as YES vaginal moisturiser.

7. Practicing with a speculum: If you are concerned about the speculum, why not ask your practice nurse if you can try one out at home to get used to the sensation.

8. Communicate: If it feels uncomfortable or you feel worried at any point during your smear, ask the smear taker to stop. We can go at your pace.

9. Relax: Try taking slow and deep breaths which can help to relax your pelvic muscles. Find a technique that works for you – mindfully changing your breathing patterns can improve relaxation which in turn will help to make the appointment smoother and quicker.

10. Ask for specialist care: For anyone who has experience trauma or FGM often referral to a specialist service is best. Your healthcare provider will be able to arrange this for you. It is reasonable to ask for adjustments when you have a cervical screening although many are unaware that their tests can be slightly altered – as highlighted by The Eve Appeal.

 
In general, there remains a knowledge gap and lack of understanding around what a cervical screening is for and how it can help.

People with a cervix aged from 25 to 64 are offered the NHS cervical screening programme in England and routine screening is offered every 3 years up to the age of 49; every 5 years for those from 50 to 64 years old.

The NHS Cervical Screening Programme, England 2023-2024 annual report, published in November 2024 by NHS England, showed:

Even if you have been vaccinated against HPV or think that you have not seen or experienced any symptoms, it is still important to attend cervical screening appointments.

We encourage anyone whose test is overdue to book their appointment. If you have any questions or need further information, London Gynaecology can help.

How to help relieve period pain at home

Dr Claire Phipps, GP and Advanced Menopause Specialist at London Gynaecology, spoke to GoodToKnow about several strategies designed to provide relief and soothe menstrual pain during your period.

Period cramps can be debilitating, but there are several effective home remedies to alleviate the discomfort. Here are some doctor-recommended strategies to help you feel better:

1. Apply Heat

Using a hot water bottle or a heating pad on your lower abdomen can significantly reduce menstrual pain. A warm bath can also provide soothing relief.

2. Stay Active

Engaging in regular exercise helps to reduce cramps. Activities like yoga and Pilates are particularly beneficial for gentle stretching and muscle relaxation.

3. Massage

Gently massaging your abdomen can ease muscle tension and reduce pain. Use essential oils like lavender or peppermint for added relief.

4. Watch Your Diet

Certain dietary adjustments can make a difference. Avoid sugar and dairy, which can exacerbate inflammation. Instead, focus on anti-inflammatory foods like berries, nuts, and leafy greens.

5. Hydrate and Sleep Well

Drinking plenty of water helps reduce bloating, which can make cramps worse. Ensure you get adequate sleep to help your body manage pain more effectively.

6. Increase Magnesium Intake

Magnesium-rich foods such as bananas, almonds, and spinach can help relax muscles and reduce cramping.

7. Try a TENs Machine

A Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENs) machine can provide pain relief by sending mild electrical pulses through the skin.

Incorporating these strategies into your routine can help manage and alleviate period cramps, making your menstrual cycle more bearable.

Cost of Uterine Artery Embolisation for Fibroids

We understand that many patients self-fund their medical treatment, making early visibility of the costs involved essential. At London Gynaecology, we offer self-pay packages to ensure patients can easily understand the costs associated with their treatment.

What is the Cost of Uterine Artery Embolisation for Fibroids?

The cost for uterine artery embolisation (UAE) for fibroids starts from £7,750.

What Does the Cost Include?

The charges for the uterine artery embolisation procedure for fibroids include:

Does the Cost of Uterine Artery Embolisation for Fibroids Vary?

The cost is dependent on the specific case. An accurate quotation will be provided following your consultation with an Interventional Radiologist. Please note that the charges on this page are correct at the time of writing. For our latest fees, please visit our Fees page.

 

Hot Flushes in Pregnancy

Dr Shikha Kapour, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at London Gynaecology, spoke to GoodToKnow about hot flushes in pregnancy.

 

Why do you have hot flashes when pregnant? / What causes hot flashes in pregnancy?

Hot flushes are a symptom we normally associate with menopause. It is when you experience a sudden sensation of excessive heat, mainly the face, neck and chest. Excessive sweating can also accompany this phenomenon. It is also a symptom of pregnancy and is reported in over a third of cases during pregnancy and in the postpartum period (Thurston et al 2013).

Can you get hot flashes in early pregnancy?

One study examining the appearance of hot flushes throughout pregnancy found that as many as 18% of women developed hot flashes within the first 20 weeks. In total, 35% reported hot flashes at some point throughout their pregnancy, and 29% experienced them postpartum (1).

While they typically peak in the third trimester, hot flashes can appear at any point during the course of pregnancy. A study found that 10% of women reported hot flashes within the first postpartum month (2)

Are hot flashes normal during pregnancy?

Hot flashes can occur during pregnancy and are considered normal for many women. Hot flushes are a result of hormonal changes driven by your pregnancy. These changes lead to an increase in the blood supply to the skin and result in a rise in body temperature.

Should I worry about hot flashes during pregnancy?

Hot flashes can occur during pregnancy and are considered normal for many women but it is distressing you please discuss it with your doctor or midwife so they can rule out any other underlying medical issues.

What should I do if I experience a hot flash in pregnancy? What can I do to ease/soothe symptoms?

How do you deal with hot flashes at night during pregnancy?

Wear loose clothes made from natural fibres, dress in layers, use a sheet instead of a duvet, use a fan and have cold shower before bedtime.

When should you see a doctor about hot flashes in pregnancy?

Hot flushes are not harmful but you should inform your midwife of any symptoms that are bothering you. They will be able to reassure you. Your midwife will also be able to check that you are not having a fever which is a sign of an underlying infection and may need treatment.

 

1. Thurston RC, Luther JF, Wisniewski SR, Eng H, Wisner KL. Prospective evaluation of nighttime hot flashes during pregnancy and postpartum. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(6):1667-1672. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.020

2. Gjerdingen D.K, Froberg D.G, Chaloner K.M, McGovern P.M. Changes in women’s physical health during the first postpartum year. Arch Fam Med. 1993; 2: 277-283

Fibroids in Pregnancy

Mr Narendra Pisal, consultant gynaecologist, contributed to Goodtoo article explaining the management of pregnancy with fibroids.

Can fibroids affect pregnancy? How?

Fortunately, fibroids do not usually interfere with chances of getting pregnant. Most of the fibroids are small and do not interfere with the cavity of the uterus or the fallopian tubes. Submucous fibroids (those which encroach on the uterine cavity) can sometimes affect the process of implantation. This can lead to sub-fertility and sometimes early pregnancy loss.

Fibroids in the upper corner of the uterus (cornual region) can occasionally obstruct fallopian tubes and can be a cause of tubal factor subfertility. Similarly, very large fibroids and an enlarged uterine cavity can be a cause of not getting pregnant.

So, in general, if the fibroids are small (smaller than 6cm) AND if the cavity is normal AND if the fallopian tubes are not affected, there is no cause to worry.

In what ways can fibroids impact you when pregnant?

Fibroids usually cause no problems with pregnancy but can sometimes be associated with risks during antenatal period, labour and post-partum.

Fibroids can increase the risk of early pregnancy loss and preterm birth especially if they are large or interfere with the uterine cavity (submucous fibroids).

Fibroids tend to increase in size with hormones and increased blood supply of pregnancy. This can lead to increased discomfort. Increase in size is also associated with ‘Red degeneration of Pregnancy’. This happens due to rapid increase in the size of fibroids where the central area of a fibroid does not get enough blood supply and undergoes ‘necrosis’. This is associated with pain and tenderness over the fibroid. Sometimes admission to the hospital and rest is required for pain relief, anti-inflammatory and supportive treatment.

Fibroids in the lower part of the uterus can lead to malposition such as transverse lie or breech presentation necessitating Caesarean Section. Caesarean Section can sometimes be difficult and complex due to location of the fibroids.

Post-delivery, fibroids can interfere with contraction of the uterus leading to post-partum haemorrhage and hence a hospital delivery is often recommended.

How big does a fibroid have to be to affect pregnancy?

There isn’t always a correlation between the size of fibroids and effect on pregnancy. If the fibroids are external to the uterus (growing outside), even large fibroids will have minimal effect on pregnancy. Whereas a small 2cm fibroid within the uterine cavity may interfere with chances of getting pregnant or even cause a miscarriage. So, location of fibroids carries more significance that just the size.

Can you have a safe, full-term pregnancy with fibroids?

Yes, in most cases, fibroids and pregnancy can co-exist without any problems and the pregnancy can progress as planned with good chance of a normal delivery.

How do you manage fibroids during pregnancy?

Fibroids are almost always managed conservatively in pregnancy. If you have fibroids, please let your obstetrician know, who will be able to keep an eye on the size of fibroids and any symptoms. Also, a scan in the third trimester is a good idea to see if the fibroids may interfere with the presentation and delivery. A hospital delivery is recommended as there is a higher chance of post-delivery bleeding in women with uterine fibroids.

Is there any treatment for fibroids that someone can have while pregnant? Is treatment necessary?

Fibroids are almost always left alone in pregnancy and no treatment is recommended apart from watchful supervision of an experienced obstetrician.

Are fibroids anything to worry about during pregnancy?

As discussed, pregnancy will usually progress without any problems in presence of fibroids. You should discuss your particular case with your obstetrician who will be able to guid you through your pregnancy journey and also delivery options.

Endometriosis in Pregnancy

Mr Hemant Vakharia, Consultant Gynaecologist and Advanced Laparoscopic Surgeon, contributed to GoodToKnow article explaining the impact of endometriosis on pregnancy and fertility.

How does endometriosis affect fertility?

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, leading to various symptoms, including painful periods, pain with intercourse, heavy periods and in some people difficulty conceiving.

The prevalence of endometriosis in women of reproductive age in the UK is approximately 10%; in women with subfertility it increases to 25–50%.

When it comes to fertility, endometriosis can affect it in several ways:

Crucially not all individuals with endometriosis will experience difficulty conceiving as the impact of endometriosis on fertility can vary greatly from person to person.

What are the options for getting pregnant with endometriosis?

The chances and challenges of achieving pregnancy with endometriosis largely stem from how the condition affects the reproductive organs in an individual. As mentioned above, inflammation and scar tissue can distort the anatomy of the pelvis, making it harder for the sperm to reach the egg or for the fertilised egg to implant in the uterus. The quality of the eggs can also be compromised, and the environment within the uterus may become less conducive to implantation, further complicating the process of getting pregnant. These are all unique variable to an individual and therefore the chances of conceiving depend on individual circumstances.

Despite these challenges, there are several options for those looking to conceive with endometriosis:

I. Medical Treatment: Hormonal treatments can sometimes be used to manage the symptoms of endometriosis and reduce inflammation until the patient is ready to conceive. Medical therapies do not eradicate the endometriosis however and studies have shown no benefit in endometriosis related infertility

II. Surgery: Surgery to remove endometriosis tissue can alleviate pain and may improve fertility, particularly for those with mild to moderate endometriosis. This is typically done laparoscopically, a minimally invasive procedure that removes endometrial implants and scar tissue. The evidence for the benefit for surgery in severe disease is less clear and depends on individual circumstances

III. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): Techniques such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) can be helpful for those with endometriosis especially in those with blocked fallopian tubes. IVF involves fertilising an egg outside the body and then implanting the embryo into the uterus, bypassing many of the challenges endometriosis may pose to natural conception.

IV. Lifestyle Changes: Whilst not a direct treatment for difficulty conceiving, adopting certain lifestyle changes can support overall reproductive health. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress, and stopping smoking.

Does everyone with endometriosis require infertility treatment? What does that entail?

The short answer is ‘No’. Not everyone with endometriosis will require fertility treatment and some patients may not realise they have endometriosis until it is picked up on imaging or during a surgical procedure.

Can you get pregnant naturally with endometriosis?

Absolutely! I have seen patients with severe endometriosis conceive naturally but again this depends on their individual circumstances.

Does endometriosis affect pregnancy? How?

Endometriosis can affect pregnancy in a number of ways. Studies have shown that endometriosis in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage (bleeding after birth), caesarean section, placenta praevia, fetal growth restriction, prematurity and adverse neonatal outcomes.

Those with mild disease are considered less at risk and in general can expect a normal pregnancy and labour.

Those with serve disease are considered high-risk and require additional antenatal and intrapartum care.

How can I prepare my body for pregnancy with endometriosis?

There is no specific advice in this context but it is important to discuss your pregnancy with your midwife and be booked under consultant led care, especially in those with severe disease. Of course, general lifestyle measures such as maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress, and stopping smoking apply as they do to all patients.

Can endometriosis cause ectopic pregnancy? Is there anything that can be done to help avoid this?

In patient with tubal disease (blocked fallopian tubes/swollen tubes) there is an increased risk of a tubal ectopic pregnancy. In some cases, to improve fertility outcomes, patients may be advised to have the affected tube clipped or removed to reduce this risk. If not, then there is nothing specific that can be done to avoid this, but patients are advised to have an early scan in pregnancy.

Can you give birth naturally with endometriosis?

Yes, in general there is no reason why you cannot deliver vaginally but there may be individual circumstances for specific patients where a specialist may recommend a vaginal birth.

Can you develop endometriosis after pregnancy?

Yes, Endometriosis can develop after pregnancy.

 

Click here to see the full article.

Tips to Manage Menopause Symptoms

Dr. Claire Phipps, GP and Advanced Menopause Specialist, Laura Southern, Nutritional Therapist, and Mr. Tomasz Lukaszewski, Senior Consultant in Reproductive Medicine, talk about the symptoms of menopause and their management and how you can manage them.

What Age Does Menopause Start?

The average age of menopause is 51 years, marking the day when you can retrospectively determine that you have been without a period for 12 consecutive months. Most women will have their last period between 47 and 53 years of age. This can vary depending on ethnicity and genetics. Perimenopause, the transition to your last period and beyond, can start in your early 40s, but no two women are the same.

What Causes Menopause?

Menopause occurs when your periods have stopped for 12 consecutive months, signaling the end of a woman’s reproductive stage. It is caused by the natural decline in the production of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone from the ovaries. As the number of eggs declines with age, so does the production of oestrogen, leading to menopause.

How is Menopause Diagnosed?

Women over the age of 45 with symptoms of perimenopause do not need blood tests to diagnose menopause. In younger women, doctors may carry out hormone blood tests and other profiles to confirm menopause, as it can occur earlier in some women. Accurate diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment.

Common Symptoms of Menopause and Their Management

Perimenopause is the transitional period leading up to menopause, characterized by various physical and emotional symptoms due to hormonal changes. Around 80% of women experience symptoms, with 25% experiencing significant symptoms. Common symptoms include:

These symptoms result from the gradual decline in ovarian function and hormone production. An individualized approach, including lifestyle changes and treatment options like Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), is essential for managing symptoms. HRT is the gold standard treatment, while other treatments, such as antidepressants, herbal remedies, and cognitive behavioral therapy, are also available.

Lifestyle Changes to Manage Menopause Symptoms

Adopting healthy lifestyle changes can significantly alleviate menopause symptoms:

Vaginal Dryness and Its Management

Vaginal dryness is common during menopause due to decreased oestrogen levels. Vaginal oestrogen treatments, available as creams, gels, or pessaries, can provide significant relief. These treatments can be used alongside HRT or on their own.

Managing Lack of Libido

Lack of libido can be a common symptom due to reduced testosterone levels. HRT often helps, and testosterone replacement might be considered for severe cases. Seek medical attention for unusual bleeding or discharge.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

HRT replaces hormones that the ovaries no longer produce, minimizing menopause symptoms and improving quality of life. It helps prevent osteoporosis and cardiovascular issues. HRT involves either combined HRT (oestrogen and progestogen) or oestrogen-only HRT for women who have had a hysterectomy. It should be started after a careful assessment of risks and benefits.

Can Periods Restart After Menopause?

Once you have reached menopause (12 consecutive months without a period), you should not have any further periods. Report any bleeding to your doctor.

Can You Get Pregnant After Menopause?

Women who are perimenopausal are still fertile and should consider contraception. After menopause, fertility treatments like IVF with egg donation may be an option.

Best Supplements for Menopause

Supplements can support menopause management. Key supplements include:

Individual needs vary, so consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Can Magnesium Help with Menopause Symptoms?

Magnesium can reduce muscle cramps, support sleep, and alleviate anxiety. Magnesium glycinate or threonate is recommended for sleep and anxiety, while magnesium citrate supports digestion. Magnesium oxide

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